Bill Gates is no stranger to Reddit, but he’s swapping 80-inch Windows 8 displays and meme pictures this time for a role as secret Santa. 24-year-old Reddit user “NY1227,” identified only as Rachel, participated in this year’s Reddit annual online gift exchange and was left shocked by her unlikely secret Santa. Thousands of Redditors participate every year, but Rachel was lucky enough to receive a gift from Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates.
Rachel excitedly recounts her realization that a stuffed cow and National Geographic book were sent by Gates, and the Microsoft chairman even included a photo as evidence. Gates donated to the Heifner International charity on behalf of Rachel, and the stuffed cow symbolizes part of the charity’s efforts to donate animals to create sustainability in areas where hunger and poverty is common. Gates has clearly researched his beneficiary well as the travel book included with the gift matches the “I also love to travel” part of Rachel’s profile. “Never in my entire life did I imagine, ever, ever, ever that Bill would get me,” says Rachel. “I am SO SO thankful for the time, thought, and energy he put into my gift.”
AN IPAD WAS ON THE WISH LIST
While Gates’ impressive secret Santa gift scored a 10 out of 10 for effort, there was one Apple product on Rachel’s wish list that didn’t make the cut. “Sorry for the Apple iPad on my wish list, that was really awkward,” she says. There’s always next year.
Apple previewed its new Mac Pro at WDDC 2013 and priced it in October, and it’s now revealing it will finally go on sale tomorrow. The tiny desktop computer, that looks more R2-D2 than PC, will ship with the latest Intel Xeon E5 processors, up to 64GB of RAM, dual AMD FirePro graphics chips with up to 6GB of dedicated memory, and up to 1TB of PCI Express solid-state storage. While Apple has paid a lot attention to the raw power inside, the chips and memory are stored within a cylindrical housing that’s coffee-maker inspired. With the outside casing removed it looks like a miniature robot, a big move away from the recent Mac Pro design that featured anodized aluminum in a traditional tower casing.
This latest Mac Pro doesn’t look like the average desktop PC you’ll find in Best Buy, and it’s largely designed for professionals who need access to speed and storage. It’s also not your average priced PC either. At $2,999 you’ll get a 3.7GHz quad-core Xeon processor, 12GB of RAM, dual FirePro D300 graphics, and a 256GB SSD. A variant with a 6-core CPU, dual FirePro D500s, and 16GB of RAM is also available, priced at $3,999. The new Mac Pro is made in the United States and Apple claims it’ll be as quiet as a Mac Mini during use. It’s available to order tomorrow from Apple’s retail and online stores, and ships with Apple’s latest OS X Mavericks operating system.
Update: The Mac Pro has now gone on sale at Apple’s online store, with shipping promised “by December 30th.” Apple CEO Tim Cook has also shared an image of the new desktop machine’s assembly line in Austin on Twitter:
Spotify has started pushing out an update for its desktop client with a new aesthetic. We’ve tested out the refreshed app, and the starkest difference from the current version is a new darker theme; it’s very dark, almost black in places, and the deep grays are accompanied by larger text across the UI, rounded graphics, and filtered artwork. The result of all the changes is a cleaner look for the app, but one that generally shows you less information.
Artist pages, for example, work in much the same way as they did before. By default they’ll show you less tracks on a single page, a dark filter has been applied to the ‘cover’ image, and each artist now has a circular avatar, but all the same information will be available to users — there’s no massive interface change, just a fresh coat of paint. The changes give more of a Google+ feel, perhaps reinforcing Spotify’s desire to be a ‘social network’ for music.
Similar tweaks have been made throughout the app, with larger fonts and more empty space added everywhere. The Discover tab has been reconfigured to display a grid of suggestions, rather than an organic mash of different-sized boxes; track sharing options have been replaced with attractive graphics; and the playback controls also have a new look. The changes make the app perhaps less intuitive than before — a square box saying ‘share’ is clearer than the three abstract dots that replace it — and the new look will likely take some getting used to.
Spotify has yet to detail the update — labeled as version 0.9.8 — in full, but we’re hearing from a few readers that the new version is making its way to users. There’s a possibility this could be a limited test before a full release, and we reached out to Spotify before writing this article to ascertain the scale of the rollout, with no reply as of yet. If this is to be a full update, the changes will be rolled out slowly to users, and there’s no way — short of searching for an installer online — to manually force your app to update.
So far we’ve only seen the update arrive for the Mac version of the app, but we’d imagine that Windows users will see a refreshed interface soon, as the two are generally updated at the same time.
Cloverfield director Matt Reeves is returning to big-screen blockbusters this summer withDawn of the Planet of the Apes, the sequel to 2011′s well-received Planet of the Apes prequel starring James Franco. The first trailer for the new installment has just debuted, teasing the impending war between man and ape that’ll likely be at the heart of the film. Andy Serkis, the performance-capture artist behind Gollum, will be reprising his role as the apes’ leader, Caesar, while Gary Oldman and Jason Clarke (Zero Dark Thirty) will be joining in this time around. The film is set for release on July 11th next year.
PKPKT (pronounced “pickpocket”) is a new iPhone game that uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to simulate digital pickpocketing. Each player starts with $1,000 dollars in fake money, and can make more money by stealing from nearby PKPT users even if the app isn’t open, thanks to the technical wizardry of BLE and iOS 7. Once you’ve stolen from someone, you can boast about it by messaging them, which also works over Bluetooth — a refreshingly local twist on the cloud-based messaging apps we use today.
PKPKT works by constantly scanning for other players nearby, and then sending a notification to both players. By tapping three times on the top of your iPhone, you can attempt a steal. Whoever’s fastest takes home the 10 digital dollars. “[BLE] was the first technology in a while that really piqued my interest,” says PKPT developer Jeremy Schoenherr, and he’s not alone. The game is one of several new ways that BLE is getting utilized on the iPhone. Apple itself is using it in its stores with iBeacon, and there’s an app called Knock that lets you unlock your Mac by knocking on your phone, and it works even if the app itself isn’t open.
Giving a whole new meaning to the phrase “drunk text,” York University researchers in Canada have used vodka and a desk fan to send a new kind of text message. In the experiment, they encoded the alphabet in evaporated alcohol, assigning different concentration levels to represent bits 1 and 0. The chemical signal was then sprayed 12 feet across the room where it was then decoded by a receiver measuring the increase and decrease of alcohol concentration. The varying concentration levels spelled out the appropriate text, “O Canada.”
Plants and animals use this kind of molecular communication all the time when they use pheromones to transmit long-range messages, but to date humans haven’t been able to control sending continuous data in this way.
THESE MOLECULAR MESSAGES COULD EVENTUALLY TARGET CANCER CELLS
There are reasons that scientists would want to send a message via vodka, apart from bragging rights. According to the study’s conductor Professor Andrew Eckford, chemical signals can reach areas that wireless signals cannot, such as inside tunnels, pipelines, or underground areas. Eckford’s partner researcher Dr. Weisi Guo from the School of Engineering at the University of Warwick also suggestedthat chemical signals like these could eventually be used to communicate on a nanoscale in mini robots to “carry out a specific task such as targeting drugs to cancer cells.” Going from text messages to cancer relief is a big leap, but it’s one that could be in the near future if scientists can develop the appropriate cocktail.
Giving a whole new meaning to the phrase “drunk text,” York University researchers in Canada have used vodka and a desk fan to send a new kind of text message. In the experiment, they encoded the alphabet in evaporated alcohol, assigning different concentration levels to represent bits 1 and 0. The chemical signal was then sprayed 12 feet across the room where it was then decoded by a receiver measuring the increase and decrease of alcohol concentration. The varying concentration levels spelled out the appropriate text, “O Canada.”
Plants and animals use this kind of molecular communication all the time when they use pheromones to transmit long-range messages, but to date humans haven’t been able to control sending continuous data in this way.
THESE MOLECULAR MESSAGES COULD EVENTUALLY TARGET CANCER CELLS
There are reasons that scientists would want to send a message via vodka, apart from bragging rights. According to the study’s conductor Professor Andrew Eckford, chemical signals can reach areas that wireless signals cannot, such as inside tunnels, pipelines, or underground areas. Eckford’s partner researcher Dr. Weisi Guo from the School of Engineering at the University of Warwick also suggestedthat chemical signals like these could eventually be used to communicate on a nanoscale in mini robots to “carry out a specific task such as targeting drugs to cancer cells.” Going from text messages to cancer relief is a big leap, but it’s one that could be in the near future if scientists can develop the appropriate cocktail.
With Target already reeling from a massive hack that left up to 40 million credit and debit cards compromised, The New York Times now reports that all that data has been pouring into the black market since the break-in. With the breach taking place between Black Friday and December 15th, criminals on hundreds of illicit card-selling markets have likely had access to consumer information for weeks to date.
GUESTS WILL NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR FRAUD
Security experts, including security blogger Brian Krebs, say that criminals sell stolen credit cards in bulk, with individual cards going for as little as a quarter or as high as $100 depending on the credit limit. With that kind of access, they can then burn the information onto counterfeit cards or use them to purchase gift cards that siphon off the victim’s account.
Target issued a statement today reassuring customers that they will not be held responsible for any credit or debit fraud. While the company states that it hasn’t received many fraud complaints since news of the breach broke, it has given affected account numbers to credit card companies. In addition, the company is offering a 10 percent discount on in-store purchases — evidently to curry good will among customers.
Oppo, after promising the imminent launch of a CyanogenMod-powered N1 last week, has finally gotten approval from Mountain View. The 5.9-inch phone will now launch on Christmas Eve, complete with Google Play. According to Oppo’s official Twitter, it is the first CyanogenMod device to pass Google’s compatibility test suite, and the first to run Google app legitimately. There is still no word on how much the CyanogenMod version of the N1 will cost, however.
This is clearly momentous news for CyanogenMod. After raising $7 million in funding earlier this fall, earning CTS-approval gives the company the kind of legitimacy only larger companies have so far been able to achieve. The company promised in a recent announcement post that more devices with their flavor of Android are on the way.
In this article, we will look at the beginning and introduction of a good presentation in English. Also, we will focus on connecting words and ways to keep your presentation moving. Finally, we will concentrate on bringing your presentation to a confident and professional conclusion.
How to begin a good presentation in English
Smile, look into the eyes of as many of your audience as possible and speak slowly - "Hello everyone, good morning and welcome. Thanks for coming."
Your presentation is off to a good start. Starting slowly, engaging in eye contact and being able to say your first few sentences without looking at notes, will help relax you and make your audience feel comfortable. Let's keep going.
A good presentation is well-structured and properly practised. You can have notes to look at occasionally, but if you want to give a professional impression, then the best advice I can give you is don't read them word for word. Glance at them now and again but give your introduction without reading it from a page.
A good structure is simple - in the introduction, introduce yourself and your topic.
After you have welcomed your audience, introduce yourself - and think about how peculiar it would look if you had to look down at your notes and read your name.
The choice of words for introducing yourself is wider than you might think. If you don't know anyone in the audience, then you can say, "My name is Winnie Chan and I am the marketing manager for International Partners".
If you know some of the audience you could change that to, "As some of you know I am Winnie Chan ..." And, if you know most of the audience then you can say, "As most of you already know I'm Winnie Chan".
How to introduce your presentation topic
A good introduction is clear and structured. So once you have told the audience who you are, you need to tell them what you are going to talk about. For this purpose, let's say your topic is the rise in popularity of shopping online. If your presentation isn't too formal then you could say, "The topic of my talk today is shopping online and I am going to discuss some of the reasons why it has become so popular." Alternatively, if your audience is more formal and less relaxed, you could use the following: "The title of my presentation is The Rise in Popularity of Shopping Online and I will give you some background about this trend in retail."
The next thing to do is explain when you will be happy to answer questions. So this is when you can say, "I hope you enjoy my presentation and if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask me them at the end."
Alternatively, "I trust you will find what I have to say useful and relevant. There will be a Q&A session at the end so please hold on to any questions you may have until then."
It's now important to signal that your introduction is at an end and you are about to begin the main part of your presentation. If you are using a microphone, at this point you can check that it's working properly by saying, "Can I just double check everyone can hear me okay? And then you can continue, "Well if everyone is comfortable [or ready] then I'll begin."
A strong ending is worth remembering
Last, but by no means least because the end of a presentation is crucial. No matter how long or short your talk was, or how fantastic everything you had said was, it is inevitable that your audience will go away remembering the last few seconds. So you must finish your presentation with strong and easily understood language.
Consider using a strong and powerful visual aid at the end of your presentation. Try to summarise what you want your audience to go away with on one colourful but simple visual which will stay with them.
Don't say, "I am now going to summarise what I have just been talking about." Say, "Right, so that was the long version - here's the only thing you have to focus on ..." Because if you can't summarise your presentation in one sentence, your audience won't remember it all. Try to focus on the one main thing you want them to go away with.
Don't say, "Thank you for your attention. It was nice to meet you all and I hope you liked my presentation." Consider saying, "I hope you've learned something new today and if you have questions, please feel free to ask me now. Otherwise, I am available and happy to discuss anything I have said with you ..."
Remember, don't repeat the same verbs, keep your structure simple and easy to follow and make sure you can close your talk with one punchy sentence which is all you want your audience to remember.
Starting a Presentation
In modern English, Presentations tend to be much less formal than they were even twenty years ago. Most audience these days prefer a relatively informal approach. However, there is a certain structure to the opening of a Presentation that you should observe.
Get people's attention
Welcome them
Introduce yourself
State the purpose of your presentation
State how you want to deal with questions
Get people's attention
If I could have everybody's attention.
If we can start.
Perhaps we should begin?
Let's get started.
Welcome them
Welcome to Microsoft.
Thank you for coming today.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
On behalf of Intel, I'd like to welcome you.
Introduce yourself
My name's Jane Shaw. I'm responsible for travel arrangements.
For those of you who don't know me, my name's Tom Stotter.
As you know, I'm in charge of public relations.
I'm the new Marketing Manager.
State the purpose of your presentation
This morning I'd like to present our new processor.
Today I'd like to discuss our failures in the Japanese market and suggest a new approach.
This afternoon, I'd like to report on my study into the German market.
What I want to do this morning is to talk to you about our new mobile telephone system.
What I want to do is to tell you about our successes and failures in introducing new working patterns.
What I want to do is to show you how we've made our first successful steps in the potentially huge Chinese market.
State how you want to deal with questions.
If you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them as we go along.
Feel free to ask any questions.
Perhaps we can leave any questions you have until the end?
There will be plenty of time for questions at the end.
START WITH ......
(Dramatic voiceover) “In the beginning…” I start this presentation with a very direct overview of what the audience can expect. Nothing fancy, just to the point and fast.
“Today we’re going to be talking about how to analyze your presentation script.”
The next thing I tell the audience is the first purpose of my talk. Notice that I am telling them that I will help them to do something. This is something that you must always consider… How your information is going to do something for the audience. And here’s what I said:
“Now the purpose of this is to help you find the absolute core, the core message of your presentation.”
And in the middle… Starting at the 22 second mark, I tell them exactly what we are going to be doing to achieve the first purpose.
“So what we’re going to do… I’m going to teach you guys to analyze your presentation so that you can find the keywords or key phrases in your presentation.”
After that, I move right into the second purpose.
“And what we are going to do today, too is we’re going to help you to figure out, “Okay, how do I get into the mind of my audience and understand the audience.”
From there, I go into explaining they need to do three things to achieve the two purposes. I just simply say…
“The very first thing you’re going to need…”
“The second thing you need…”
“And the third thing you’re going to need…”
But it’s not the end… This presentation was about something I wanted people to do. I gave them an overview of what they had to do. To end my presentation, I tell them what they need to be careful of. I say to them…
“The important thing is that during this exercise you have to be very, very strict; otherwise, this entire thing does not work.”
Here’s how it all ends… Finally, I tell them what the big picture is, what the ultimate achievement for them will be.
“So what this is gonna do is help you to start thinking like the audience member…”
And last but not least, I give them the first thing they must do. In other words, I give them a call-to-action.
“So that’s basically it. We’re going to take the next few steps that I’ve outlined in the handouts there. Okay? And we are going to get going with that.”
In summary To do something like this, you must first be well prepared, organized, and know your stuff. But you also have to keep in mind the basic structure of a presentation: Beginning, middle, and end. In the sample presentation, the structure I’ve followed is…
The beginning to introduce
The middle to explain the details
The end to give a call-to-action
Question time… What do you think makes people the most nervous when giving a presentation? Let me know what you think by writing your answer in the comments section below. As always, let me know if you have any questions about presentations or this particular topic by leaving a comment below or using the contact page.
Finish your presentation with a bang
Public speaking is a challenge that can make many people nervous. In fact, it can be downright terrifying. Over the last twenty years, presentation coach David Beckett coached hundreds of people and got a huge kick out of seeing them improve their presentations skills. In this article, David shares 2 of many essentials of how to deliver a great presentation: the first 60 seconds and the end of your presentation. This article is for everyone who would like to improve his/her presentation skills. Bring it on!
The first 60 seconds It is advisable not to try to memorise your script: it’s almost impossible and can cause you to lose your way. However, do have a few sure sentences for your most important points, as leaning posts and structure for the rest of the presentation. The only part of your presentation that you should learn word for word is the first 60 seconds. Consider what happens when you get up on stage. Your heart-rate increases. You probably begin sweating because your body temperature rises. Your hands might even shake a little. You’re super conscious of every move you make and concerned that everyone can see your uncertainty. This all takes place because your body reacts under stress and goes into ‘fight or flee’ mode. Instinct takes over and pumps your body full of adrenaline: your mind is less engaged and the animal need to prepare for an attack wins. Even the most experienced presenter in the world will suffer from some level of stress at the beginning of a presentation, because it’s a moment of being on show for all to see. It’s hard to think straight when the body is reacting that way. You’re under the spotlight – nowhere to hide. There is nothing like hearing yourself deliver a few good lines to give you confidence. Learning the first 60 seconds will help bring your body back on your side.
Finish with a bang Have you ever been to a concert where there was no encore? The band gets up, plays and walks off, giving the audience no chance to show their appreciation. It leaves you with a sense of unfulfillment, as if something’s not quite complete. I once talked with musician Tom Robinson, and he explained why. “You’ve been up on stage and given the audience your best. Part of the process is that we as the audience like to say thank you in return. If the performer doesn’t give us that chance, we feel like our part hasn’t been played.” Tom also told me that the most important part of any song he played live was the end. “You can have an average song, but if you close it off with a clear riff and a bang, the audience will love it. They also need to know when to applaud, so give them a definite and clear ending moment.”
Tom’s tips can easily be translated into your presentation approach.
Firstly, make your summary interesting. Instead of having seven bullets that you read one by one, make it visual; choose an image or one single word to represent each main point. This is worth rehearsing many times, as the last 60 seconds can be as important as the first.
Secondly, ensure you finish on a big issue; for example; “And finally, we’ll launch Product X in September, and the goal is to reach 10,000 sales by end of the year!”
“To close off, we have three big projects to complete this year; first, complete transformation X; second, re-organise division Y; and third, reach sales of 5,000 with new product Z.”
Thirdly, be clear about the ending. After you say your last sentence, finish with a simple and firm, “Thank you!” Then stand and take the applause; in most situations, the audience will show their appreciation for you.
Of course, there is a risk that no one claps. That is a small possibility if you use these tools, but if it does occur, walk off after a couple of seconds and don’t worry about it. You’ve done your job, and if the audience didn’t get it…? Well, that happens sometimes. But only rarely, as long as you’ve done your preparation, created clear slides, and finished on a high.
Three to remember
Make the summary visual instead of a series of bullet points.
Be clear about when the presentation has ended.
You complete the process in a more memorable fashion by giving the audience a chance to thank you for your work.
What is a sucky presentation?
We all know the classic signs and symptoms of a presentation flop—it feels like it's running on too long and you're wasting your time (either as the presenter or an audience member). At their core, sucky presentations fail to resonate with the audience, and therefore they fail in their mission to persuade or teach.
Anyone can learn to make better presentations
It's easy to blame the tools. Vast libraries of awful clipart and boomerang animations don't help anyone. It's also easy to convince yourself that giving presentations just isn't your thing. But we all have to present at some point or another, whether you're asking for a raise or presenting a proposal to a client. That said, most people haven't studied presentation design or how to communicate effectively.
So I talked to someone who has. Nancy Duarte and her amazing Duarte design firm have created over a quarter of a million presentations in the last 23 years (they're the group that helped Al Gore develop "An Inconvenient Truth," and they also support several TED and PopTech conferences). Duarte says that we've definitely reached a tipping point in the last few years when it comes to presentation design: audiences want more and expect more from us as presenters. The good news is it's not hard to learn some basic principles.
At Duarte workshops, attendees re-sketch slides—offline, without PowerPoint getting in the way—to learn things like arranging things in a grid and creating contrast and emphasis. Here are a few "before" slides that I've gathered from around the web as examples of what not to do.
Problem 1: Too many ideas on one slide
Some presenters put everything on a slide to help them remember what they need to say, Duarte says, forgetting that you could use slide notes instead. Dense, document-like slides are best for presentations that are going to be distributed (e.g., emailed to a recipient for reading on their own time), not actually presented. Photo by Beate.
Solution: Simplify. Stick to one idea per page, letting that one concept really stick into the minds of the audience members. They'll focus on your voice and what you're saying more than reading (staring at) the bullets. See the before and after example from Duarte at left.
This will mean less reliance for you on the slide itself, which is a good thing even though it might be scary at first. You'll need to prepare at lot more, but not sucking at PowerPoint often boils down to preparation. Avi Fryman, who's part of a multimedia team that puts together PowerPoints for large corporate events, says:
As a general rule, one should not use PowerPoint as a teleprompter. If an image is worth a thousand words, show the audience that one image, and speak the thousand words if you must, but please do not display and speak the thousand words.
Problem 2: Cliches and Clipart
It's easy to fall back on the cliche images or concepts (handshake plus globe, anyone?) and clipart, especially when you're pressed for time, as most of us are. But higher-quality presentations require less automatic thinking. If you fall back on the first thing that comes to mind, chances are your competitors are doing that too.
Solution: Lose the cliches. Brainstorm with others to find more clever ways to communicate your ideas. Try three or four or more options to explore the nuances of your message and relationship.
Problem 3: Lack of emphasis
If you have a slide that takes longer than 10 seconds for the audience to comprehend, it's too complex, Duarte says. Your slides should communicate your ideas and enhance what you're saying, rather than add more noise. Photo by Geetesh Bajaj.
Solution: Information needs emphasis. Slides should only take 3 seconds to process. So even with very complex ideas, boil down the findings from that slide or split it up across multiple slides. Don't be afraid to use more slides; they're free. It's better to flow through your slides, allowing people to process them better, than to stay stagnant on one for too long.
Fryman adds:
Chances are the audience is under-caffeinated, restless, and over-saturated with information already. Assume that many are in stealth mode, responding to texts and e-mails on their smartphones during the speech. But if the image (or the concise quote) on screen behind the podium has some real impact, you'll keep their attention and they'll listen to what you have to say.
Problem 4: Random design choices
Duarte says the difference between a regular business person and a designer is that the designer has learned to place and scale elements appropriately for the best impact. That means no photos of bunnies or hot dogs on your slides unless they belong there, please! This also goes for random animations. Photo via InFocus.
Solution:Designate elements purposely. Don't decorate slides for the sole purpose of decorating them. Duarte has a helpful checklist for testing if your presentation is more signal or noise. Also see Garr Reynold's Graphic Design Fundamentals to learn more about design basics like unity, whitespace, and color.
Problem 5: No relationship to the audience
Finally, it doesn't matter how beautiful your presentation design is if it doesn't have a message that your audience can connect to. Many presenters out of nervousness talk to the slides, but your goal is to build a bridge between your message and the audience (and not waste their time). Photo by Duarte.
Solution:Empathy for the audience. John Brubaker, an adjunct professor of public speaking and communications at Maine Community College, writes that the topmost practice he teaches is to begin your presentation outline by answering from the audience's perspective: "W.I.I.F.M. - what's in it for me?"
Remember this mnemonic: SLIDE
Did you notice Duarte's mnemonic device snuck in there in the solutions? It may help you when developing future presentations:
Simplify Lose the cliches Information needs emphasis Designate elements Empathy for the audience
Incorporate Storytelling Structure into Presentations for Added Drama and Effectiveness
The best presentations and speeches share a lot in common with stories: they move you with a mix of drama and tension, taking you from the status quo to what could be—your ideas blissfully realized. You can see more about how this works from Duarte's talk at TEDx, but basically you can make your presentation more engaging—even cinematic—by using a storytelling framework. Amplify the gap between what is now (e.g., other company's piddling phones) and what could be (e.g., the iPhone). (We've noted Steve Jobs' presentation style before, and it turns out his technique really follows the same pattern as other storytellers/speech makers.)
